《十四行诗》在莎士比亚的全部作品中占有非常重要的地位,诗集收有154首诗,大致认为作于1592年至1598年,1609年于伦敦首次出版。诗集分为两部分,第一部分为前126首,献给一个年轻的贵族(Fair Lord),诗人的诗热烈地歌颂了这位朋友的美貌以及他们的友情;第二部分为第127首至最后,献给一位“黑女士”(Dark Lady),描写爱情。
十四行诗是源于意大利民间的一种抒情短诗,文艺复兴初期时盛行于整个欧洲, 其结构十分严谨,分为上下两部分,上段为八行,下段为六行,每行十一个音节,韵脚排列:abba abba,cdc ded。莎士比亚的十四行诗的结构却更严谨,他将十四个诗行分为两部分,第一部分为三个四行,第二部分为两行,每行十个音节,韵脚 为:abab,cdcd,efef,gg。这样的格式后来被称为“莎士比亚式”或“伊丽莎白式”。对诗人而言,诗的结构越严禁就越难抒情,而莎士比亚的十 四行诗却毫不拘谨,自由奔放,正如他的剧作天马行空,其诗歌的语言也富于想象,感情充沛。
原文
Let me not to the marriage of true mindsAdmit impediments. Love is not loveWhich alters when it alteration finds,Or bends with the remover to remove:
O, no! it is an ever-fix`ed mark,That looks on tempests and is never shaken;It is the star to every wand'ring bark,Whose worth's unknown, although his heighth be taken.
Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeksWithin his bending sickle's compass come;Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,But bears it out even to the edge of doom:
If this be error and upon me proved,I never writ, nor no man ever loved.
中譯
莫讓我向真摯心靈的結合承認障礙。愛不是愛若是遇有變節的機會就改變,或是被強勢剝離就屈服:
哦,那不是愛!愛是堅定的烽火,凝視著狂濤而不動搖;愛是嚮導迷航船隻的明星,高度可測,實價無量。
愛不受時光影響,即使紅唇粉頰終會被歲月的鐮刀砍伐;愛不隨分分秒秒、日日月月改變,愛不畏時間磨鍊,直到末日盡頭。
如果有人可證明我所解不實,我從未寫過,而無人曾真愛過。
原文
In faith I do not love thee with mine eyes,For they in thee a thousand errors note;But `tis my heart that loves what they despise,Who in despite of view is pleased to dote.Nor are mine ears with thy tongue`s tune delighted;Nor tender feeling to base touches prone,Nor taste, nor smell, desire to be invitedTo any sensual feast with thee alone.But my five wits, nor my five senses canDissuade one foolish heart from serving thee,Who leaves unswayed the likeness of a man,Thy proud heart`s slave and vassal wretch to be.Only my plague thus far I count my gain,That she that makes me sin awards me pain.
中譯
我不真的憑我的眼睛來愛你,在你身上我看見了千處錯誤;但我的心卻愛著眼睛所輕視溺愛著,不理睬面前的景象。我耳朵不聽你舌尖傳的愉悅音色;我那期待著愛撫的敏感觸覺,我的味覺,我的嗅覺,不願出席你的個人的任何感官的宴會。可是我的五智或五感卻不能說服一個痴心不愛你,剩下男人那一點不為動搖的,甘願做你那高傲之心的奴隸。然我只能將我愛情悲苦視作益處,她誘使我犯罪,她令我受苦。
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